Three.js 魔法阵教程-北京尧图网络

魔法阵 ·Magic Circle· ▶ 在线运行案例案例合集三维可视化功能案例threehub.cn开源仓库github地址https://github.com/z2586300277/three-cesium-examples400个案例代码:网盘链接你将学到什么OrbitControls 相机轨道交互THREE.Points 粒子点渲染BufferGeometry 自定义顶点/索引数据监听窗口resize同步更新 camera 与 renderer效果说明本案例演示魔法阵效果基于 WebGL 实现「魔法阵」可视化效果附完整可运行源码核心用到 OrbitControls、THREE.Points、BufferGeometry。建议先打开文首在线案例查看动态画面再对照下方源码逐步理解。核心概念Scene / Camera / WebGLRenderer构成最小渲染闭环大场景可开logarithmicDepthBuffer缓解 Z-fighting。OrbitControls提供轨道旋转/缩放开启enableDamping后需在 animate 中controls.update()。THREE.Points将每个顶点渲染为可控大小的粒子可用自定义 attribute如u_index驱动片元/顶点动画。实现步骤搭建 Scene、PerspectiveCamera、WebGLRenderer挂载 canvas 并处理resize创建 OrbitControls及 Raycaster 等交互控件若源码包含在requestAnimationFrame循环中更新状态并 renderCesium 为viewer.render或自动渲染代码要点import * as THREE from three;import { OrbitControls } from three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js; import Stats from three/examples/jsm/libs/stats.module.js;class ThreeCore { dom; scene; camera; defaultCamera; renderer; clock; options; stats; // 要执行动画的对象集合, 子类可以把自己的动画写进 onRender 也可以 this.addAnimate() 添加到父类动画集合里 animates; constructor(dom, options) { this.dom dom; this.options options; this.scene new THREE.Scene(); this.clock new THREE.Clock(); this.animates {}; const k dom.clientWidth / dom.clientHeight; if (fov in options.cameraOptions) { this.defaultCamera new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(options.cameraOptions.fov, k, options.cameraOptions.near, options.cameraOptions.far); } else { const s options.cameraOptions.s; this.defaultCamera new THREE.OrthographicCamera(-sk, sk, s, -s, options.cameraOptions.near, options.cameraOptions.far); } this.camera this.defaultCamera; this.scene.add(this.camera); const rendererOptions { // 抗锯齿 antialias: true, alpha: true, // 深度缓冲, 解决模型重叠部分不停闪烁问题 // 这个属性会导致精灵材质会被后面的物体遮挡 // 只能出现问题的时候, 在那个场景 new ThreeCore继承类的时候, 传入rendererOptions参数, 将此参数改为 false logarithmicDepthBuffer: true }; const renderer new THREE.WebGLRenderer(Object.assign({}, rendererOptions, options.rendererOptions)); renderer.setSize(dom.clientWidth, dom.clientHeight); renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio); dom.appendChild(renderer.domElement); this.renderer renderer; this.stats new Stats(); dom.appendChild(this.stats.dom); window.addEventListener(resize, this.onResize, false); //利用 setTimeout 宏任务最后执行特性, 使js执行过程要等所有微任务和同步代码执行完再执行, 否则 this.init() 可能会在场景未搭建完毕就执行报错或没有生产对象this.init(); this.animate();} // 提供给子类覆写 onRenderer() { } // 提供给子类覆写 onDestroy() { } animate() { this.renderer.setAnimationLoop(() { this.onRenderer(); this.stats.update(); // 执行动画 for (const key in this.animates) { this.animateskey); } this.renderer.render(this.scene, this.camera); }); } addAnimate(name, func) { this.animates[name] func; } removeAnimate(name) { delete this.animates[name]; } onResize () { const width this.dom.clientWidth; const height this.dom.clientHeight; const k width / height; // 更新相机 if (this.camera instanceof THREE.PerspectiveCamera) { this.camera.aspect k; } else { const s this.options.cameraOptions.s; this.camera.left -s * k; this.camera.right s * k; this.camera.top s; this.camera.bottom -s; } this.camera.updateProjectionMatrix(); // 更新renderer this.renderer.setSize(width, height); this.renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio); }; destroyed() { // 需要手动移除掉 gui, 否则刷新页面时会出现多个gui document.querySelector(.dg.main.a)?.remove(); window.removeEventListener(resize, this.onResize.bind(this)); this.onDestroy(); this.renderer.setAnimationLoop(null); this.renderer.renderLists.dispose(); this.renderer.dispose(); this.renderer.forceContextLoss(); this.renderer.domElement.innerHTML ; this.scene.clear(); THREE.Cache.clear(); } }class ThreeProject extends ThreeCore { orbit; // 法阵高度 height 2; // 圆形底 circle []; circleRadius 1; circleRotateSpeed 0.02; // 两个旋转光环 ring1 []; ring2 []; ringRadius 0.5; ringScaleOffset 0.01; ringRotateSpeed 0.01; // 粒子 particles []; particlesMinSize 0.04; particlesMaxSize 0.15; particlesRangeRadius 0.8; particlesFloatSpeed 0.01; constructor(dom) { super(dom, { cameraOptions: { fov: 45, near: 0.001, far: 100 } }); this.camera.position.set(0, 2, 4); this.scene.background new THREE.Color(0x000000); this.renderer.shadowMap.enabled true; this.orbit new OrbitControls(this.camera, this.renderer.domElement); this.orbit.minDistance 0.001; this.orbit.target.y 1; // const axesHelper new THREE.AxesHelper(10) // this.scene.add(axesHelper) const gridHelper new THREE.GridHelper(2); this.scene.add(gridHelper); const ambientLight new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 1); this.scene.add(ambientLight); const directionalLight new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 2); directionalLight.position.set(60, 30, -30); directionalLight.castShadow true; this.scene.add(directionalLight); const directionalLight2 new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 4); directionalLight2.position.set(60, 30, 30); directionalLight2.castShadow true; this.scene.add(directionalLight2); const _url FILE_HOST threeExamples/application/magicCircle/; const point1Texture new THREE.TextureLoader().load(_url point1.png); const point2Texture new THREE.TextureLoader().load(_url point2.png); const point3Texture new THREE.TextureLoader().load(_url point3.png); const point4Texture new THREE.TextureLoader().load(_url point4.png); const magicTexture new THREE.TextureLoader().load(_url magic.png); const guangyunTexture new THREE.TextureLoader().load(_url guangyun.png); const pointTextures [ point1Texture, point2Texture, point3Texture, point4Texture, ]; const { height, circleRadius, ringRadius, ringScaleOffset, particlesMaxSize, particlesMinSize, particlesRangeRadius } this; const group new THREE.Group(); const circleGeo new THREE.CircleGeometry(circleRadius, 64); const circleMat new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ map: magicTexture, transparent: true, side: THREE.DoubleSide, depthWrite: false }); const circle new THREE.Mesh(circleGeo, circleMat); circle.rotateX(-Math.PI / 2); this.circle.push(circle); group.add(circle); const ringGeo this.getCylinderGeo(ringRadius, height); const ringMat new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ map: guangyunTexture, transparent: true, side: THREE.DoubleSide, wireframe: false, depthWrite: false }); const ring1 new THREE.Mesh(ringGeo, ringMat); this.ring1.push(ring1); group.add(ring1); const ring2 ring1.clone(); ring2.userData.ringScaleOffset ringScaleOffset; group.add(ring2); this.ring2.push(ring2); // 有几种粒子材质图片, 每种图片做一次点云 for (let j 0; j 10; j) { for (let i 0; i pointTextures.length; i) { const particles this.getParticles(particlesRangeRadius, height, pointTextures[i], particlesMinSize, particlesMaxSize, this.particlesFloatSpeed); this.particles.push(particles); group.add(particles); } } this.scene.add(group); } getParticles(radius, height, texture, pointMinSize, pointMaxSize, pointFloatSpeed) { const geometry new THREE.BufferGeometry(); geometry.setAttribute(position, new THREE.BufferAttribute(new Float32Array([0, 0, 0]), 3)); const material new THREE.PointsMaterial({ size: Math.random() * (pointMaxSize - pointMinSize) pointMinSize, map: texture, blending: THREE.AdditiveBlending, depthTest: false, transparent: true, opacity: 0.2 Math.random() * 0.8 }); const particles new THREE.Points(geometry, material); particles.userData.floatSpeed 0.001 Math.random() * pointFloatSpeed; particles.userData.radius radius; particles.position.x Math.random()radius2 - radius; particles.position.y Math.random() * height; particles.position.z Math.random()radius2 - radius; return particles; } /**自定义圆柱几何体, 只有圆柱侧面, 没有顶和底*/ getCylinderGeo(radius 1, height 1, segment 64) { const bottomPos []; const topPos []; const bottomUvs []; const topUvs []; const angleOffset (Math.PI * 2) / segment; const uvOffset 1 / (segment - 1); for (let i 0; i segment; i) { const x Math.cos(angleOffseti)radius; const z Math.sin(angleOffseti)radius; bottomPos.push(x, 0, z); topPos.push(x, height, z); bottomUvs.push(i * uvOffset, 0); topUvs.push(i * uvOffset, 1); } const positions bottomPos.concat(topPos); const uvs bottomUvs.concat(topUvs); const index []; for (let i 0; i segment; i) { if (i ! segment - 1) { index.push(i segment 1, i, i segment); index.push(i, i segment 1, i 1); } else { index.push(segment, i, i segment); index.push(i, segment, 0); } } const geo new THREE.BufferGeometry(); geo.setAttribute(position, new THREE.BufferAttribute(new Float32Array(positions), 3)); geo.setAttribute(uv, new THREE.BufferAttribute(new Float32Array(uvs), 2)); geo.setIndex(new THREE.BufferAttribute(new Uint16Array(index), 1)); return geo; } init() { } onRenderer() { this.orbit.update(); this.updateCircle(); this.updateRing(); this.updatePartical(); } updateCircle() { for (let i 0; i this.circle.length; i) { this.circle[i].rotateZ(this.circleRotateSpeed); } } updateRing() { for (let i 0; i this.ring1.length; i) { this.ring1[i].rotateY(this.ringRotateSpeed); } for (let i 0; i this.ring2.length; i) { this.ring2[i].rotateY(-this.ringRotateSpeed); if (this.ring2[i].scale.x 0.9 || this.ring2[i].scale.x 1.4) { this.ring2[i].userData.ringScaleOffset * -1; } this.ring2[i].scale.x - this.ring2[i].userData.ringScaleOffset; this.ring2[i].scale.z - this.ring2[i].userData.ringScaleOffset; } } updatePartical() { for (let i 0; i this.particles.length; i) { this.particles[i].position.y this.particles[i].userData.floatSpeed; if (this.particles[i].position.y this.height) { this.particles[i].position.y 0; this.particles[i].position.x Math.random()this.particles[i].userData.radius2 - this.particles[i].userData.radius; this.particles[i].position.z Math.random()this.particles[i].userData.radius2 - this.particles[i].userData.radius; this.particles[i].userData.floatSpeed 0.001 Math.random() * this.particlesFloatSpeed; } } } }new ThreeProject(document.getElementById(box));完整源码GitHub小结本文提供魔法阵完整 Three.js 源码与在线 Demo建议先运行案例再改 uniform/参数做二次实验更多 Three.js 实战案例见 three-cesium-examples 合集与 GitHub 开源仓库

Three.js 魔法阵教程

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